Intelligent Vehicle Path Tracking Control Based on Improved MPC and Hybrid PID

Abstract

In this study, to improve the accuracy of path tracking in intelligent vehicles, we propose an intelligent vehicle path-tracking control method based on improved model predictive control (MPC) combined with hybrid proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control theory. In the lateral control, a constraint on the side deflection of the front wheel is added based on traditional MPC and a relaxation factor is introduced to improve the stability of vehicle control for the driving stability. In longitudinal control, a hybrid PID controller is designed for different road conditions to improve the accuracy of control of vehicle speed. We present the results of a co-simulation using Carim and MATLAB/Simulink and a test with a sample vehicle, which show that the proposed path tracking controller can greatly improve the path tracking accuracy and stability of an intelligent vehicle. The model-based prediction, rolling optimization solution, feedback control, and the addition of a constraint on the side deflection of the front wheel as well as a relaxation factor can ensure the lateral driving stability of an intelligent vehicle. The proposed approach achieved a lateral error of less than 1%, and the yaw angle was controlled within 4°. The longitudinal speed control based on hybrid PID controller can improve the response speed of the system and meet the real-time requirements of vehicle driving.