Phase Diffusion in Low-EJ Josephson Junctions at Milli-Kelvin Temperatures

Abstract

Josephson junctions (JJs) with Josephson energy (Formula presented.) K are widely employed as non-linear elements in superconducting circuits for quantum computing operating at milli-Kelvin temperatures. In the qubits with small charging energy (Formula presented.) ( (Formula presented.) ), such as the transmon, the incoherent phase slips (IPS) might become the dominant source of dissipation with decreasing (Formula presented.). In this work, a systematic study of the IPS in low- (Formula presented.) JJs at milli-Kelvin temperatures is reported. Strong suppression of the critical (switching) current and a very rapid growth of the zero-bias resistance due to the IPS are observed with decreasing (Formula presented.) below 1 K. With further improvement of coherence of superconducting qubits, the observed IPS-induced dissipation might limit the performance of qubits based on low- (Formula presented.) junctions. These results point the way to future improvements of such qubits.