Effect of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Contamination on Soil Microorganisms and Biodegradation

Abstract

The experiment under lab condition was conducted to investigate the effect of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination on soil microorganisms and biodegradation. The experiment was conducted in 12 treatment and three replication. The treatments include soil contaminated with Kerosene, Diesel, lubricate oil and used lubricate oil in three concentration 0%, 5%, and 10%. contamination with hydrocarbons significantly decreased the count of heterotrophic bacteria and there was reversal relationship between the contaminant concentration and the count of heterotrophic bacteria. The results indicated soil contamination with hydrocarbons significantly increased the count of Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria (HUB). The effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on fungi count differed according to the type of hydrocarbons, concentration of contaminant and the periods of incubation. Our results show that soil contamination by hydrocarbons caused significant increase in actinomycetes count at all hydrocarbon types and concentrations except 5% used and non-used lubrication oil. The higher percentage of biodegradation in hydrocarbons contaminated soil 49.6% was recorded in soil contaminated with 5% kerosene while the lower percentag10.8% was recorded with soil contaminated 10% lubricate oil. ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻁﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬ 12 ‫ﻤﻜﺭ‬ ‫ﺒﺜﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺕ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻜﻴﺭﻭﺴﻴﻥ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺩﻴﺯل‬ ، ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺜﻼﺜ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺼﻔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ % ، 5 % ‫ﻭ‬ 10 .% ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻅﻬﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺨﻔﺽ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﺠﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺒ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴ‬ ‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ‬. ‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺘﺭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ، ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﺘﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ‬. ‫ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻜل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻜﺘﻴﻨﻭﻤﺎﻴﺴﻴﺘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺩ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻋﺩﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﻭﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬ 5 % ‫ﻭﺯﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺤﻴﻡ‬. ‫ﺒﻌﺩ‬ 12 ‫ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠل‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬) 49.6 % (‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺴﺠﻠﺕ‬) 5 % (‫ﺤﻴﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠل‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗل‬ ‫ﺴﺠﻠﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﻴﺭﻭﺴﻴﻥ‬) 10.8 % (‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬) 10 % (‫ﺘﺸﺤﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺕ‬. ‫ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ : ‫ﺘﻠﻭﺙ‬ ،‫ﻤﺠﻬﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻴﺎﺀ‬ ،‫ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬. ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬ ‫ـــــ‬