The power of women: Does increasing women's parliamentary representation reduce intake of sugar-sweetened beverages among children and adolescents?

Abstract

Objective: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Although existing research confirms the significance of economic and social factors as determinants of SSB intake, comparative studies on political factors and cross-national analyses are lacking. Research indicates that including women in the process of political decision-making promotes healthcare and child protection. This study examined how women's parliamentary representation influences children's and adolescents' SSB intake compared with adults. Design: The study used cross-national food and beverage intake data from the Global Dietary Database. The outcome measurement was SSB consumption (g/day) for different population groups. We modelled SSB intake as a function of age groups, women's parliamentary representation at the national level (the independent variable), regime types (the contextual factor) and import tariffs on SSB (the mediator) using country and time-fixed effects regression models. Setting: One-hundred eighty-five countries across three waves from 2005 to 2015. Participants: Different population groups. Results: The impact of female representation on reducing SSB consumption is more prevalent in children and adolescents than in adults. Furthermore, the effect of women's parliamentary representation on SSB consumption among children and adolescents is conditional on a country's democratic status. Finally, the marginal effect decreases when import tariffs on SSB are considered a link in a causal chain. No changes in adult SSB intake are statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the presence of women in the legislature can have a substantial impact on child and adolescent health.