Physical activity behaviour and barriers to activity in adults at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for disease severity among people with obstructive sleep apnoea. AIM: To determine physical activity levels in patients at risk of obstructive sleep apnoea and explore their perceptions about barriers to participation in physical activity. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study. Eligible participants were adults with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score ≥11, awaiting prioritisation for a diagnostic overnight sleep study at the local sleep clinic. Sixty participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 51 ± 12 years) each attended an individual appointment. Anthropometric measurements were taken and standardised questionnaires regarding quality of life, physical activity behaviour and perceptions of physical activity were completed. RESULTS: Over one-third of the cohort did not meet World Health Organization guidelines for weekly physical activity. Hypertension, type 2 diabetes and obesity were also more prevalent in this subgroup. Low motivation and pain were commonly reported barriers to activity in participants not meeting the physical activity guidelines. Overall, 53 (88%) participants stated they would like to be more active. DISCUSSION: Physical inactivity represents an additional risk factor for adults at high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea. Lack of motivation and pain were the most commonly perceived barriers to participation in activity. Physical activity interventions tailored to the individual, and including a motivational component, need to be included as integral components of management to reduce cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors more effectively in this group.