A critical review of eclampsia in Nigeria: From healthcare barriers to strategies for improved maternal outcomes

Abstract

Nigeria faces a critical challenge in managing eclampsia, a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. This review systematically examines the factors influencing eclampsia outcomes by evaluating peer-reviewed literature, case studies, and national health reports from 2000 to 2024. Key barriers to effective eclampsia management identified include inadequate antenatal care services, limited access to emergency obstetric facilities, and a lack of trained healthcare personnel. The findings emphasize the importance of early detection and timely intervention in improving maternal health outcomes. Despite the existence of national policies like the National Safe Motherhood Program, gaps in policy implementation and healthcare infrastructure persist, particularly in rural areas where healthcare resources are scarce. Additionally, the review highlights the need for enhanced training for healthcare providers and the integration of community health workers in recognizing early signs of preeclampsia. To address these challenges, the review calls for systemic reforms, increased investment in healthcare infrastructure, and the establishment of efficient referral systems. Collaborative efforts among government agencies, healthcare institutions, and international organizations are crucial to enhancing maternal health outcomes and reducing eclampsia-related mortality in Nigeria. Future research should focus on sustainable interventions that improve access to quality maternal healthcare services.