The differential diagnosis of sinonasal/nasopharyngeal neuroendocrine/neuroectodermally derived tumors

Abstract

Context: The differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms arising in the sinonasal tract is broad and includes lesions of epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroectodermal origin. Objective: To review the differential diagnosis of sinonasal neuroendocrine and neuroectodermally derived tumors. Data Sources: The current literature was reviewed to provide updated information regarding the differential diagnosis and means for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors including sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, paraganglioma, pituitary adenoma, and Ewing family of tumors. Conclusions: The differential diagnosis of neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation in the sinonasal tract is broad, and diagnosis often includes not only histologic review but also immunohistochemical or molecular analysis.