EUFEMISME PADA MAKIAN SURABAYAAN

Abstract

People of Surabaya experience stereotype towards their utterances, especially they are in Yogyakarta-Surakarta areas. Even more, there is an article assumed that Javanese language with Surabaya dialect is not appropriate to be spoken in Surakarta. This research aims to change the stereotype by exposing swear words in Javanese language that went through euphemism. Collecting data process has done by two methods, directly involved in the utterances and observed to instans message of Surabayanese. Data collection were about swear words that keeps spoken by Surabayanese with the range age of 20-30 years old and minimum of the bachelor degree holder. The data obtained were then analyzed using phonetic theory and code switching. The result of this research shows that Surabayanese have done euphemism in swear words by: 1) disguising the sound, such as changing and replacing few sounds like vocals or consonants, 2) switching to bahasa Indonesia and English is presumed to be prestige and superior. Euphemism is used because Surabayanese want to show identity and solidarity, but still want to appreciate the interlocutor.Masyarakat Surabaya terkenal dengan ujaran yang kasar, bahkan terdapat penelitian yang mengungkapkan bahwa bahasa Jawa dialek Surabaya merupakan bahasa yang tidak layak dan kurang baik dituturkan di Surakarta (Solo). Penelitian ini hadir sebagai usaha menolak pandangan tersebut dengan memaparkan beberapa kosa-kata makian dalam bahasa Jawa dialek Surabaya yang mengalami proses kebahasaan eufemisme. Data diperoleh dengan metode simak libat cakap dan wawancara terhadap penutur asli. Dari hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa beberapa makian mengalami perubahan bunyi ke arah bunyi-bunyi bahasa Jawa dialek Solo-Yogyakarta dan campur kode ke bahasa yang lebih superior, yakni bahasa Indonesia. Eufemisme yang terjadi pada makian bahasa Jawa dialek Surabaya lebih banyak diujarkan dalam bentuk sapaan. Hal ini dilakukan karena masyakarat Surabaya ingin menjunjung tinggi karakteristik kesolidaritasan dalam bahasanya namun tetap menghargai mitra tutur.