Rising prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors in Makurdi, North-Central Region of Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The disease burden of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in sub-Saharan African region have been on the rise. Proper assessment of current prevalence of GDM may inform policy changes and management approach for improved care delivery. Objective: To determine the current prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and evaluate its major risk factors amongst pregnant women in Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria. Method: This was a multi-center hospital-based prospective observational study. Maternal characteristics and clinical risk factors for GDM in a cohort of 281 pregnant women at 9 to 16 weeks gestational age was evaluated. The one-step 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Result: Of the 356 women recruited, 281 (79.8%) completed the study. The GDM prevalence in the cohort was 16.7%. Increased early pregnancy BMI (adjusted OR = 1.154, 95% CI = 1.080 – 1.233, p<0.001) and presence of family history of diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR = 0.482, 95% CI = 0.233 – 0.997, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for GDM in the cohort. Conclusion: Increasing maternal age and early pregnancy BMI amongst other possible reasons, may account for the rising prevalence of GDM in the region.