Vitamin D Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3, 4, and 5

Abstract

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is abnormalities of kidney structure or function for more than 3 months. 1 About 10% of the world's population suffer from CKD, and every year there are millions of people die from its complications. 2 The results of Global Burden of Disease study in 2010 showed that CKD experienced an increase in the ranking of causes of death in the world, from 27 th to 18 th in 1990-2010. 3 As one of non-communicable diseases, CKD is a health problem that is still increasing in Indonesia. Based on Indonesia Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) 2013, the prevalence of CKD increased along with increasing life expectancy with a peak at over 75 years of age. 4 Chronic kidney disease occurs when there is decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for more than 3 months, namely GFR <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 which indicates CKD stage 3-5. 1 At those stages, the decreased GFR has caused various complications, one of which is hypovitaminosis D which includes vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) and vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D <30 ng/ml). 5-7 A decrease in GFR that occurs along with advancing stages of CKD may cause a decrease in vitamin D levels in patients with CKD through/ decreased 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D/ calcidiol) supply into the kidney, increased fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) level, and reduced megalin receptor function inside proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). 1,6,8 Hypovitaminosis D is also common in the general population including Indonesia. About 75% of healthy children aged 7 to 12 years in Indonesia experience vitamin D insufficiency AMJ. 2018;5(4):168-74 Abstract Background: Hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This conditionmay increase CKD progression and cause various complications, since kidney has a pivotal role in metabolizing the vitamin D. The aim of this study was to find the difference in vitamin D levels among CKD stage 3 to 5.