Detection of Na and K in the Atmosphere of the Hot Jupiter HAT-P-1b with P200/DBSP

Abstract

We present a new optical transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-1b based on two transits observed with the Double Spectrograph (DBSP) on the Palomar 200-inch (P200) telescope. The DBSP transmission spectrum, covering a wavelength range from 3250 to 10007 Å, is consistent with that observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), but the former has a finer spectral resolution. The DBSP spectrum alone reveals the presence of a pressure-broadened line wing for Na, the line cores for both Na and K, and tentative evidence for H 2 O. We obtain consistent results from the spectral retrieval analyses performed on the DBSP-only data set and the DBSP, HST, and Spitzer combined data set. Our retrievals suggest a mostly clear atmosphere for HAT-P-1b, with a cloud coverage of 22 − 3 + 5 % that is dominated by enhanced haze. We derive subsolar abundances for Na, K, and C, and subsolar to solar for O. Future observations with James Webb Space Telescope and ground-based high-resolution spectrographs should be able to not only confirm the presence of these species but also stringently constrain the formation and migration pathways for HAT-P-1b.