Meniscectomy

Abstract

To review the meniscus from a historical perspective especially on surgical management and general guidelines for arthroscopic meniscectomy procedures for various types of meniscal tears. We searched MEDLINE and PubMed for the years of 1980-2010 using the terms meniscus, meniscal repair, menisectomy, and arthroscopy. Orthopedic surgeons frequently encounter patients with pain or functional impairment of the knee joint and repair or resection of the injured meniscus is one of the most common orthopedic operative procedures. The object of meniscal surgery is to reduce pain, restore functional meniscus and prevent the development of degenerative osteoarthritis in the involved knee. Historically, total meniscectomy was a common procedure performed for meniscus tear symptoms. However, it has been reported that total meniscectomy has deleterious effects on the knee. In the past, the menisci were thought as a functionless remnant tissue. Currently, it is known that the meniscus is an important structure for knee joint function. Menisci provide several vital functions including mechanical support, localized pressure distribution, and lubrication to the knee joint. It is widely accepted that the function of the meniscus can be preserved through minimal excision. An arthroscopic partial meniscectomy preserving more of the meniscus is preferred over total meniscectomy. In recent decades, this shift toward arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has led to the development of new surgical techniques.