High-performance geopolymer concrete: enhancing durability with GGBS and fiber reinforcements

Abstract

This research assesses the mechanical and durability performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) using fly ash, GGBS, and fiber reinforcements. 23 various GPC mixes were tested, each with varying amounts of GGBS (0–20%), steel fibers (0–2%), nylon fibers (0–2%), and glass fibers (0–2%). The best mix with 20% GGBS and 2% steel fibers produced the maximum compressive strength of 55.6 MPa. Sorptivity was lowest at 3.70 × 10−5 m/s1/2, reflecting minimum water absorption. The lowest RCPT value of 383 Coulombs categorized the mix as low-permeability concrete, providing excellent resistance to chloride ion penetration. Acid resistance tests registered negligible weight loss of 3.06%, while sulfate attack tests demonstrated minimum loss of strength of 3.60%. The optimized mix also demonstrated maximum resistance to saltwater exposure and reduced deterioration in aggressive environments. The research attests that geopolymer concrete with steel fibers and GGBS possesses enhanced mechanical strength and durability, making it a sustainable and high-performance material compared to ordinary concrete. These results demonstrate the potential of GPC in structural applications subjected to severe environmental conditions, advancing eco-friendly and durable construction materials.