Improved solution for geolocating a known altitude source using TDOA and FDOA under random sensor location errors

Abstract

Geolocating a stationary ground source using the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements from more than two sensors with random location errors is considered. The source altitude is known and a constrained weighted least square (WLS) problem is formulated for the geolocation task. The optimisation problem is solved by searching for the source-reference sensor distance in its feasible region and the source position estimate minimising the cost function. Simulations show the improved robustness of the proposed method over two existing solutions under high noise levels.