Mobile app use and the mental health of elite athletes

Abstract

Introduction: Mobile phone applications or "apps"are well incorporated into our everyday lives and activities, particularly in the younger population and in elite athletes. This review investigates the complex relationship between mobile phone use and mental health in elite athletes. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to examine the relationship between mobile app use and mental health outcomes, including performance, in elite athletes. The comprehensive search used PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases to collate studies. Intervention studies using mobile app interventions for defined mental health and performance outcomes in elite athletes were included in this review. Results: The review investigates a complex relationship where the impact of mobile apps significantly depends on the type of app and its usage context. Four articles were ultimately included after initially retrieving 5509. Compelling positive results were not found, however, significant negative effects potentially hindering athletic performance include: increased stress, anxiety, and mental fatigue. Conclusion: This review recommends that athletes and coaching staff strategically incorporate apps within training programs to minimize risks and appreciate potential benefits. However, significant benefits were not found in this review. Further research and more longitudinal studies may particularly help in understanding the long-term effects of integrated mobile app usage in athletic training and daily life.