Antibacterial and toxicity activities of streptosporangium sp. SM1P

Abstract

Multidrug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms and cancer cell has encouraged to search for novel antibiotics and cancer drugs from many sources such as actinobacteria. This study aims to characterize and evaluate the antibacterial and toxicity activities from an actinobacterium isolated from mangrove mud sample, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. The mangrove mud sample was inoculated on ISP4 agar using a pour plate method and purified to obtain a pure isolate. The pure isolate was characterized by morphological and biochemical traits and screened antibacterial and toxicity activities. The antibacterial activities were evaluated at different media (ISP1 agar, ISP1 broth, and ISP4 agar) and the state fermentation (solid-state fermentation (SSF), liquid state fermentation (LSF). Two suspected actinobacterial colonies were successfully isolated and one isolate was characterized as a genus of Streptroporangium, then called Streptroporangium sp. SM1P. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P showed antibacterial activities on both ISP1 agar (Streptococcus mutants and Salmonella typhi) and ISP4 agar (S. mutants, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and S. typhi) using the cross-streak method for the SSF. The extract Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was also active against 2 of the test bacteria (S. mutants and E. coli) using the well-diffusion method for the LSF. The best medium and state fermentation for antibacterial activities were ISP4 agar with the SSF. The extract Streptroporangium sp.SM1P prepared on ISP1 broth showed toxic activity based on LC50 (106.09 µg/mL). Therefore, Streptroporangium sp. SM1P can be used as a new potential source for exploring secondary metabolites, particularly antibacterial and toxicity activities.