Redox Activity of Bromides in Carbon-Based Electrochemical Capacitors

Abstract

This paper reports on the electrochemical performance of activated carbon electrodes in aqueous solutions of bromide-based species and discusses the results in the broader context of redox-active electrolytes in electrochemical capacitor applications. Operando techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance have been implemented to describe the interactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Ex situ experiments, including XPS profiles at different electrode thicknesses, support the discussion by providing insights into surficial and bulk-related processes. Finally, the electrochemical activity of bromides and their advantages and drawbacks are discussed.