A Disturbed Siderophore Transport Inhibits Myxobacterial Predation

Abstract

Background: Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of bacterial competition is a fundamental question. Iron is an essential trace nutrient that bacteria compete for. The most prevalent manner for iron scavenging is through the secretion of siderophores. Although tremendous efforts have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of siderophores biosynthesis, export, uptake, and regulation of siderophores, the ecological aspects of siderophore-mediated competition are not well understood. Methods: We performed predation and bacterial competition assays to investigate the function of siderophore transport on myxobacterial predation. Results: Deletion of msuB, which encodes an iron chelate uptake ABC transporter family permease subunit, led to a reduction in myxobacterial predation and intracellular iron, but iron deficiency was not the predominant reason for the decrease in the predation ability of the ∆msuB mutant. We further confirmed that obstruction of siderophore transport decreased myxobacterial predation by investigating the function of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase for siderophore biosynthesis, a TonB-dependent receptor, and a siderophore binding protein in M. xanthus. Our results showed that the obstruction of siderophores transport decreased myxobacterial predation ability through the downregulation of lytic enzyme genes, especially outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-specific proteins. Conclusions: This work provides insight into the mechanism of siderophore-mediated competition in myxobacteria.