Compartment syndrome in the pediatric patient

Abstract

It is widely accepted in the orthopedic literature that compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency that requires prompt recognition and treatment. Diagnosis in the pediatric population can be especially challenging. On the basis of some research evidence, as well as consensus, using the clinical signs of agitation, anxiety, and increasing analgesia requirement can aid in establishing the correct diagnosis in children. (3) On the basis of research evidence, the best treatment for compartment syndrome is emergent fasciotomies of the affected compartments. (1)(2)(3)(13) On the basis of research involving mostly case studies, a delayed or missed diagnosis of compartment syndrome could have devastating effects on the involved limb. (10)(13) Expeditious treatment often results in full functional recovery in pediatric patients. (1)(3)(4).