Analysis of bisphenol a in indonesian canned food by gas chromatography

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to design and optimize a gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) method to determine the bisphenol A (BPA) content in Indonesian canned food samples. Methods: GC with Hewlett-Packard-1 capillary columns (length, 30 m; inside diameter, 0.25 mm; and film thickness, 0.25 µm) was used with a column temperature of 150°C that was programmed to increase by 10°C/min to 260°C. Injector and detector temperatures were 280 and 300°C, respectively, the gas flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and injection volume was 3.0 µL. Three types of canned food samples were prepared by ethyl acetate extraction and stored under four different conditions (4-8°C, 25-30°C, 40°C for 30 min, and 40°C for 60 min) to determine BPA migration levels. Results: Method validation (system compatibility, selectivity, calibration curve linearity, accuracy, and precision) was acceptable for BPA concentrations ranging from 2 to 15 µg/mL, with a coefficient of correlation of 0.99983. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.287 and 0.956 µg/mL, respectively. Only one canned food sample type (Group A) showed BPA contamination under all storage conditions and exceeded the recommended guidelines for daily ingestion. Conclusion: The optimized GC-FID method was selective and relatively sensitive in the detection and quantitation of BPA. Furthermore, higher storage temperatures and durations increased the level of BPA migration into food.