The continuous 7-hour intravenous dexamethasone suppression test in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A recent report showing disappointingly low sensitivity and specificity for the oral high dose dexamethasone test in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome prompted us to re-evaluate the results obtained in our centre using the continuous 7 hour intravenous dexamethasone suppression test for this purpose. PATIENTS: 105 patients with ACTH- dependent Cushing's syndrome were included in this study; 78 with Cushing's disease, 8 with ectopic ACTH-secreting tumours and 19 were classified as 'of unknown aetiology'. RESULTS: In 74/78 (94-9%) of patients with Cushing's disease and in 3/8 (37.5%) patients with the ectopic ACTH syndrome, a plasma cortisol decrease >190 nmol/l at 7h as compared to baseline values was achieved in the continuous 7-hour intravenous dexamethasone suppression test. Using a plasma cortisol decrease >190 nmol/l at 7h as compared to baseline values as the cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of the continuous 7-hour intravenous dexamethasone suppression test for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome were 94.9% and 62.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome with a plasma cortisol decrease >190 nmol/l at 7h in the continuous 7-hour intravenous dexamethasone suppression test, additional localizing investigations such as bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling and/or pentetreotide scintigraphy should be performed when no clearly discernible pituitary adenoma is observed on MRI studies. Patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome with a plasma cortisol decrease < 190 nmol/l at 7h in the continuous 7-hour intravenous dexamethasone suppression test should also undergo bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling and/or pentetreotide scintigraphy to demonstrate the presence of a nonpituitary source of ACTH overproduction.