A hybrid non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide synthetase containing fatty-acyl ligase (Faal) synthesizes the b- Amino fatty acid lipopeptides puwainaphycins in the cyanobacterium cylindrospermum alatosporum

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Abstract

A putative operon encoding the biosynthetic pathway for the cytotoxic cyanobacterial lipopeptides puwainphycins was identified in Cylindrospermum alatosporum. Bioinformatics analysis enabled sequential prediction of puwainaphycin biosynthesis; this process is initiated by the activation of a fatty acid residue via fatty acyl-AMP ligase and continued by a multidomain non-ribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthetase. High-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements proved the production of puwainaphycin F/G congeners differing in FA chain length formed by either 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-methyl dodecanoic acid (4-methyl-Ahdoa) or 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4- methyl tetradecanoic acid (4-methyl-Ahtea). Because only one puwainaphycin operon was recovered in the genome, we suggest that the fatty acyl-AMP ligase and one of the amino acid adenylation domains (Asn/Gln) show extended substrate specificity. Our results provide the first insight into the biosynthesis of frequently occurring b-amino fatty acid lipopeptides in cyanobacteria, which may facilitate analytical assessment and development of monitoring tools for cytotoxic cyanobacterial lipopeptides.

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Mareš, J., Jek, J. H., Urajová, P., Kopecký, J., & Hrouzek, P. (2014). A hybrid non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide synthetase containing fatty-acyl ligase (Faal) synthesizes the b- Amino fatty acid lipopeptides puwainaphycins in the cyanobacterium cylindrospermum alatosporum. PLoS ONE, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111904

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