Lipid profile in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients in southern Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dyslipidaemia is one of the cardiovascular risk factors responsible for cardiovascular disease and rapid progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end stage renal disease. Early detection and management of dyslipidaemia will reduce cardiovascular burden and retard progression of CKD. AIMS: To determine the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia in pre-dialysis CKD patients in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria. METHODS: This was a case-control study that involved 105 consecutive pre-dialysis CKD patients recruited over two years and 105 age and sex matched control subjects. Data obtained from participants included demographics, body mass index, and aetiology of CKD. Blood sampling was done for the determination of creatinine and fasting serum lipids. P values < 0.05 were taken as significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the CKD and control subjects were 46.98±16.81 and 47.57±15.97 years respectively with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The median atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly higher in the CKD patients while mean high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower in the CKD patients (p=<0.001). The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia in the CKD patients was 60% which was significantly higher than 39% in the control (p=0.002). The prevalence of high AIP, elevated TG and reduced HDL-C increased with worsening renal function. Dyslipidaemia was commoner in female CKD patients (p=0.02) and those who were ≥ 45years (p=0.94). CONCLUSION: Dyslipidaemia is common in pre-dialysis CKD especially in female and older patients. Some lipid abnormalities increased with worsening kidney function.