Peanut shells-based adsorbent for lead removal from batik waste with potassium hydroxide and nitric acid activation

Abstract

Due to its uniqueness, the demand for batik keeps increasing. Environmental issues arise due to waste from batik production and needs to be taken care of. Adsorption of lead content in batik waste has been done using peanut shells-based adsorbents with potassium hydroxide and nitric acid activation. The peanut shells were heated at 450°C for 2 hours and screened through an 80 mesh filter. Base activation was done by mixing the adsorbent with KOH 50% solution for 30 minutes at 180 rpm. For acid activation, a solution of nitric acid was used instead. It was done at 90°C for 2 hours. The potassium hydroxide-activated adsorbent offered the best performance, reached 99.93%. While nitric acid-activated adsorbents have worse performance than unactivated adsorbent.