Direct formation of nano-objects: Via in situ self-assembly of conjugated polymers

Abstract

Polymer self-assembly is a widely utilized method to prepare a wide range of nano-objects in solution. Typically, preparation of such objects relies on the use of block copolymers and challenging post-polymerization treatment steps. While polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) can simplify their preparation, the resulting nano-objects typically have poor stability (including sensitivity to solvent, temperature, and mechanical stimuli). An alternative approach is to use conjugated polymers, with a strong driving force for self-assembly, to achieve semiconducting nano-objects. This process is termed in situ nanoparticlization of conjugated polymers (INCP) or PISA using conjugated polymers. With INCP, self-assembled nano-objects can be obtained (without any post-polymerization treatment steps) from block copolymers, using one-pot or one-shot methods, or even homopolymers. Due to the use of conjugated polymers, the nano-objects from INCP have the potential for use in various optoelectronic applications. In this Perspective, we summarize the development of INCP by discussing synthetic methods, accessible nano-objects morphologies, and mechanisms of nano-object formation.