An overview on the aquatic fern azolla spp. As a sustainable source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with resourceful applications

Abstract

The present work was conducted to explore Azolla’s perspective as a multifaceted aquatic resource to maintain the preservation of the environment. Azolla is a small floating aquatic nitrogen-fixing fern with distinctive composition. In both developing and developed nations, Azolla is a pteridophyte of agronomic significance. In a comparatively short time frame, it generates full biomass. Hence, an overview is presented of Azolla spp. including classification, distribution, and important applications in various fields in many countries, particularly in Egypt. Azolla is beneficial as a source of several crucial nutrients and bioactive compounds. The study highlights Azzola’s effective use as a biofertilizer, animal feed, water purifier, and biological herbicide. Azzola’s impact on the concentrations of floodwater nutrients and heavy metals was also supervised. The presented data offer a scientific context that could be fruitful feedback for researchers who work in this field regarding Azolla in many countries, especially Egypt.