Understanding ChatGPT Adoption among Higher Education Students in Punjab, India: An Application of UTAUT2 Model

Abstract

This study examines Indian Higher Education students’ behavioural intention to use ChatGPT in their learning. Unified Theory of Acceptance, and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model is used to investigate the impact of the eight UTAUT2 factors on the students’ behavioural intention towards using ChatGPT. A pilot study on 100 students was done to check the reliability and validity of the instrument based on the UTAUT2 model. Using a quantitative research approach, data was gathered from 362 students of Punjab (A North region State), India (313 students’ data was included in final analysis) using purposive sampling technique. The study’s findings revealed that PE (Performance Expectancy), SI (Social Influence), HM (Hedonic Motivation), Hb (Habit), FC (Facilitating Conditions) had significant positive influence on BI (Behavioural Intention) whereas EE (Effort Expectancy) had not significantly influenced BI. On ChatGPT use, H and BI had a positive influence, but FC did not significantly influence ChatGPT use. 67% of the respondents gave priority to learning AI tools in school. In terms of practical implications, this study adds to the current literature on ChatGPT or AI tools in higher education, being useful to education scholars. Also, this study highlights the validation of UTAUT2 model to use ChatGPT among HEI students in Punjab, India. The findings of this study could facilitate discussions among educators working for policies related to the use of AI tools, specifically ChatGPT in India.