factores asociados con la adherencia al tratamiento en pacientes con drogodependencias

Abstract

Objetive: to identify those factors associated with treatment adherence in drug addict patients. Method: an analytical, observational and longitudinal study, with retrospective data collection about patients with drug addiction who completed their treatment for drug dependency between 2013 and 2016. Treatment compliance was the outcome variable. Independent variables were classified into sociodemographical, psychosocial, psychopathological, those associated with drug use, treatment, and self-esteem level. A descriptive analysis was conducted for all results, followed by a bivariate analysis and two multivariate analysis through logistical regression with the statistically significant variables. The first analysis took self-esteem into account (n1= 133), while the second one took said variable out of the analysis (n2= 208). Results: the study included 216 patients; 61.1% (n= 132) were male. Their mean age was 43.9 years (SD: 10.43). Of these patients, 69.4% (n= 150) demonstrated adherence to their treatment for drug dependency, with a regular attendance to sessions of 63.9% (n= 138) and 52.8% (n=114) of success in the program, according to Nursing Outcome (NOC) Indicators. The multivariate analysis showed that “living with a partner and children” (OR= 12.23) and a “medium self-esteem level” (OR= 3.19) were variables predicting higher compliance. However, a disorder initiating in childhood or adolescence (OR= 0.24) and dependence for various substances (OR= 0.49) were risk factors for non-adherence. Conclusions: the results obtained confirmed the hypothesis that there are factors associated with the patient and the addictive condition which can predict the likelihood of treatment adherence. Knowing the factors that predict adherence can allow the development of preventive strategies in those patients with a higher risk of treatment discontinuation.