Unveiling the Controversy: A Literature Review on the Link Between Textured Implants and Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)

Abstract

Background/Objectives: One of the most controversial issues in contemporary plastic surgery is the potential association between textured breast implants and breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Despite growing concern, the safety profile of various breast implant types regarding BIA-ALCL remains unclear. The primary aim of this review was to critically evaluate recent evidence to determine if certain implant textures pose a higher risk of BIA-ALCL. Methods: A literature search was performed using the PubMed database for articles published between 2020 and 2024. The keyword “BIA-ALCL” guided the search. Inclusion criteria were articles written in English, freely accessible in full-text, and specifically addressing implant types and the epidemiology of BIA-ALCL. Single case reports, case series, and animal studies were excluded. From an initial pool of 153 articles, 17 publications, comprising original research, surveys, reports from surgical societies, and reviews, met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results: Thirteen of the seventeen analyzed studies supported a potential association between textured breast implants and an increased risk of developing BIA-ALCL. However, four studies reported insufficient evidence or inconclusive data regarding this association, highlighting a significant gap in the current understanding of the disease. Conclusions: Most of the analyzed studies indicate textured breast implants as potential risk factors for developing BIA-ALCL. Nevertheless, the rarity of cases and limited available data necessitate additional robust research to confirm these findings conclusively. Further investigations will be essential to establish comprehensive clinical guidelines and enhance patient safety in breast implant procedures.