Total Gynecomastia Removal with Layered Closure: A Study of 567 Cases

Abstract

Background: Conventional teaching dictates subtotal removal of gynecomastia tissue to ensure a cosmetically acceptable result. Modern-day concerns regarding gynecomastia treatment include continued "puffy nipples," possible recurrence, and compromised aesthetic results resulting from incomplete tissue removal. The author practiced complete tissue removal with a layered closure technique to optimize the cosmetic result while addressing treatment complications. Methods: A single surgeon treated 567 patients using a standard four-step approach with complete tissue removal. A retrospective chart review was performed to assess complications and reason for surgical revision. Results: All revision procedures were for postoperative scar tissue accumulation. No revisions for complaints of contour depression, recurrence, or continued puffy nipples were noted. No necrosis of the nipple-areola complex or skin was noted. Conclusions: Complete removal of gynecomastia tissue was not only possible but also essential to achieve optimal cosmetic results. The layered closure technique is a useful adjunctive treatment after gynecomastia total tissue removal.