Optimal Demand-Side Management Using Flat Pricing Scheme in Smart Grid

Abstract

This work proposes a framework to solve demand-side management (DSM) problem by systematically scheduling energy consumption using flat pricing scheme (FPS) in smart grid (SG). The framework includes microgrid with renewable energy sources (solar and wind), energy storage systems, electric vehicles (EVs), and building appliances like time flexible, power flexible, and base/critical appliances. For the proposed framework, we develop an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, which efficiently schedules smart appliances, and EVs batteries charging/discharging with microgrid and without (W/O) microgrid under FPS to minimize energy cost, carbon emission, and peak to average ratio (PAR). An integrated technique of enhanced differential evolution (EDE) algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) is devised to predict solar irradiance and wind speed for accurate microgrid energy estimation. To endorse the applicability of the proposed framework, simulations are conducted. Moreover, the proposed framework based on the ACO algorithm is compared to mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and W/O scheduling energy management frameworks in terms of energy cost, carbon emission, and PAR. The developed ACO algorithm reduces energy cost, PAR, and carbon emission by 23.69%, 26.20%, and 15.35% in scenario I, and 25.09%, 31.45%, and 18.50% in scenario II, respectively, as compared to W/O scheduling case. The results affirm the applicability of the proposed framework in aspects of the desired objectives.