Immune system, inflammatory response, and regulated cell death in breast cancer research (Review)

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors in female patients. It represents a longstanding challenge to medical professionals in terms of diagnosis and treat‑ ment. Exploring BC pathogenesis offers insight into its complexity and facilitates the exploration of more effective treatment strate‑ gies. The present review aimed to describe the involvement of the immune system, inflammatory response and regulated cell death in BC development, offering avenues for novel therapeutic strategies against BC. Identifying novel treatment methods is key for enhancing the prognosis of patients with BC.