Caracterización experimental y modelación de una bombade calor reversible para un vehículo electric

Abstract

Automotive air conditioning and heating are mainly used for security, to facilitate driving and to guarantee a good visibility. In conventional vehicles, heating is provided by the cooling system of the internal combustion engine. Electric vehicles do not have this kind of heating source, thus heating must be provided by electric resistances or heat pumps. In this article this last technology is considered in this article as a heating system for vehicles. The aim of this study is to validate experimentally a proposed heating principle for vehicles based on a reversible heat pump and to develop and validate a semi-empirical model used to explore the heat pump performance under different working conditions. The heat pump is characterized at temperatures as low as –10 ºC, by obtaining COPs higher than 2,0. The heat pump simulation shows that the heat pump gives a COP of 1,48 at an ambient temperature of –10 ºC, by supplying 4,1 kW to the vehicle cabin at 45 ºC and keeping a temperature over 20 ºC at the vehicle cabin.