Numerical and environmental analysis of post constructive application of PCM coatings for the improvement of the energy performance of building structures

Abstract

In recent years, the post-constructive application of phase changing materials (PCMs) as coating to improve the thermal behavior of buildings, is gaining more ground. The question that arises concerns the required properties that these materials should have under different environmental conditions, in order to achieve optimal energy savings. Another issue concerns the overall evaluation of PCMs, considering sustainability assessment practices, a fact which is often neglected in PCM studies. This work investigates the post-constructive use of different PCM coatings under diverse environmental conditions, as well as for different structural elements. In the context of this work, a validated finite elements numerical model is utilized, as well as Life Cycle Assessment practices, for the holistic determination of the optimal application conditions of PCM coatings. The work examines the application of PCM coatings in 8 different structural elements, for diverse meteorological conditions in Europe, for all major buildings’ orientations. Life Cycle Assessment is also employed to determine the overall environmental performance of the investigated structural elements. In certain cases, the study revealed that PCM implementation can contribute to energy savings, varying from 0.24 up to 29,84 [kWh/m2a] and energy payback periods from 0.81 to 19.40 years. The purpose of this study is to provide informed answers with regard to the post-constructive application of PCM in existing structures for the energy upgrade of buildings.