Meta-analysis on cognitive behavioral treatment and behavioral intervention technologies for anxious youth: more than a BIT effective

Abstract

Anxiety disorders in youth are linked to impaired social and academic functioning; however, only 20% of individuals with these disorders receive treatment. The current stigma of seeing a psychologist or the accessibility of resources may represent barriers to treatment. This study aimed to review and compare the effects of Faceto-Face Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (F2FCBT) and Behavioral Intervention Technologies (BITs) for youth anxiety disorders. BITs are electronic interventions (e.g. mobile phones, internet, virtual reality) that aim to help the user improve mental and physical health. Little research comparing the effects of the two types of modalities has been conducted previously. Methods: Systematic review methods and meta-analysis techniques were used to analyze thirty-four randomized controlled trials that included F2FCBT and/or BITs therapy. Results: Both types of interventions were effective for the reduction of childhood anxiety, with the overall effect for F2FCBT indicating less post-test anxiety (F2FCBT g = -.84 and BITs g = -.40). A subgroup analysis revealed that there were significant effect sizes for F2FCBT and for the combination of the two modalities, but not for BITs alone. Conclusion: Although F2FCBT has shown a larger effect size, BITs with guided therapist help can be an effective modality for delivering treatment for youth with anxiety disorders.