Household Economic Status and Nutrition Adequacy with Stunting in Children Aged 6-24 Months in Surabaya

Abstract

Stunting is chronic nutritional problem that is often experienced by children in the world. The incidence of stunting indicates that children is not adequately nourished. Inadequate nutrition is one of the causes stunting which can also influenced by the socioeconomic status of the family. The aim of the study to analyze the relationship between household economic status and nutritional adequacy with stunting in children aged 6-24 months in Surabaya. This study used cross-sectional design with 160 mothers and children aged 6-24 months selected using consecutive sampling in Puskesmas Tanah Kalikedinding, Putat Jaya, Bangkingan, and Sememi. The research variables were children’ nutritional intake using recall, family income using questionnaire, and nutritional status was collected by measuring height using a length board or microtoise. The statistical analysis used chi square test. This study shows that most families have income below UMK in Surabaya (78.8%). The adequacy of energy in children aged 6-24 months (50.6%) and carbohydrates (57.5%) in deficit category, the adequacy of protein (75.6%) and fat (40%) are over category, and the adequacy of micronutrients Fe is lacking (51.3%) as well as zinc (78.1%) and calcium (65.6%) in sufficient category. The results of chi square test is significant relationship between iron adequacy (p value = 0.021) and calcium (p value = 0.000) with stunting in children aged 6-24 months. The conclusion is household economic status of the child’s family is low and relationship between level of adequacy iron and calcium in children aged 6-24 months in Surabaya with incidence of stunting.