DNA methylation analysis of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf1) gene in swedish men with normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Objective: Recent genetic studies have demonstrated that Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) rs35767(C/T) in the IGF1 gene promoter is associated with insulin resistance and serum IGF-I levels and thereby implicated that IGF1 has genetic effect in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The present study aimed to investigate the alteration of DNA methylation levels of the IGF1 gene in T2D. Subjects and methods: A total of 688 Swedish men with Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) or T2D were selected from Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program. DNA methylation levels at rs35767 SNP-CpG site and other three CpG sites (P1-P3) in the IGF1 gene promoter region were analyzed with PyroMark Assays and bisulfite pyrosequencing. Fasting serum IGF-I levels were measured with an in-house radio-immunoassay. Results: DNA methylation levels at CpG site P3 of the IGF1 gene promoter were increased in T2D patients compared with NGT subjects (84.8% vs. 74.2%, P<0.001), while serum IGF-I levels were lower in T2D than that in NGT subjects (152 g/l vs 169 g/l, P=0.029). In SNP rs35767(C/T), the carriers with CC genotype had higher DNA methylation levels at SNP-CpG site compared with the carriers with CT and TT genotypes in both NGT and T2D. Conclusions: The present study provides the first evidence that increased DNA methylation levels of the IGF1 gene and decreased serum IGF-I protein concentration are associated with T2D, and suggests that DNA methylation in the IGF1 gene may interact with SNP rs35767 (C/T) in the gene promoter region.