Enhancing precision and safety in dental surgery – the advantages of piezosurgery

Abstract

Piezosurgery in dentistry is an innovative surgical technique utilizing ultrasonic vibrations to precisely cut bone tissue while minimizing damage to surrounding soft tissues. This method is particularly advantageous for delicate procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery, including bone graft harvesting, sinus lifts, and tooth extractions. Piezosurgery operates on the principle of piezoelectricity, discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in the 19th century, where a piezoelectric crystal converts oscillating electric fields into mechanical vibrations. Devices used in piezosurgery generate ultrasonic frequencies (25–30 kHz) that enable linear vibrations and controlled cutting, selective for mineralized tissues.The technology offers significant benefits over conventional surgical methods, including improved visibility, precise and smooth cuts, and a reduced risk of soft tissue damage. Clinical applications of piezosurgery demonstrate its effectiveness in preserving vital cells such as osteoblasts and osteocytes, promoting faster healing, and better osseointegration of implants. Specialized inserts and operating modes enhance its versatility for various surgical needs. Piezosurgery has shown to lower postoperative complications and enhance patient safety in complex procedures like sinus lifts and bone splitting. This advanced surgical technique represents a significant improvement in dental and oral surgery, offering enhanced precision, safety, and clinical outcomes, ultimately improving the standard of care and patient satisfaction.