Bacterial community present in the earthworm’s gut and its role in soil biology and health

Abstract

Earthworms are known as ecological engineers due to their significant role in enhancing soil health and productivity. Various factors such as temperature, moisture, acidity, pH, sunlight and the availability of organic matter influence their presence in soil. Earthworms exhibit diverse feeding and burrowing behaviors, which lead to crucial ecological processes within terrestrial ecosystems. Their interactions with soil result in the colonization of their gut and surrounding soil by diverse bacterial communities, including key species such as Escherichia coli, Streptomyces, Bacillus and Pseudomonas. These bacteria aid in the digestion of organic and inorganic matter, thereby altering soil physio-chemical properties and enhancing nutrient mineralization, which promotes plant growth. Additionally, earthworms influence nutrient cycling by modifying microbial soil populations and the bacterial communities in their gut and adjacent soil contribute to phytoremediation. This review delves into the types of bacterial populations found in the earthworm’s gut and surrounding soil, elucidating their specific roles and contributions to the terrestrial ecosystem. By understanding these complex interactions, we can better appreciate the vital role earthworms and their associated bacterial communities play in soil biology. This knowledge is essential for developing sustainable agricultural practices and improving soil management strategies, ultimately contributing to healthier and more productive ecosystems.