Supply chain disruption and mitigation strategies: insights from humanitarian operations in a complex environment

Abstract

In complex emergencies marked by conflict, food insecurity, and pandemics, humanitarian assistance faces compounding disruptions. This study explores supply chain disruptions and mitigation strategies in such contexts, using Syria as a case study. Drawing on interviews and secondary data, the research employs causal loop diagrams to visualize interconnections among key supply chain variables. Anchored in the Triple-A framework–agility, adaptability, and alignment–the study emphasizes the necessity of coordinated multi-actor responses, flexible financing and distribution mechanisms, and context-specific operational modalities. Findings highlight the importance of harmonizing humanitarian interventions with government plans and transitioning effectively between humanitarian aid and development initiatives. The study also stresses the need for agility in switching among modalities such as cash and voucher assistance, market-based interventions, and in-kind aid, to maintain continuity and relevance in conflict-affected settings.