A Portable Agriculture Environmental Sensor with a Photovoltaic Power Supply and Dynamic Active Sleep Scheme

Abstract

A portable environmental sensor for agricultural applications is proposed that addresses key challenges in power supply, data transmission, and monitoring efficiency. The sensor features a photovoltaic power supply and a PID-based dynamic active–sleep scheme for sustainable energy management, maintaining optimal battery levels under varying solar conditions. Its compact, waterproof, and dustproof design (90 mm × 90 mm × 150 mm, 844 g) ensures robust and reliable operation in diverse agricultural environments. High-precision digital sensors monitor temperature, humidity, light intensity, and CO2 concentration. Equipped with low-power NB-IoT technology, the sensor supports real-time remote environmental monitoring. Our experimental results show effective continuous operation, accurate environmental measurements, and performance comparable to established data loggers. The advanced power management and precise sensing capabilities make this sensor a competitive solution for improving smart agriculture practices, particularly in resource-limited or off-grid settings.