Grand challenges in neuroinfectious diseases

Abstract

When Neurology evolved as a separate sub-specialty of Medicine, it was in large measure due to infections that affected the nervous system. This included many of the childhood infections-such as measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, polio, rabies-and bacterial meningitis, brain abscesses, and syphilis in adults. Over the years, with major advancements in development of vaccines, antibiotics, and changes in hygiene practices, many of these infections have been well controlled, and the pattern of infections seems to be constantly evolving. However, the field of neuroinfectious diseases continues to face many major challenges. Below I highlight some of the critical areas for which major developments are needed and urge clinicians and researchers to help fill these gaps.