PEACE: ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE AND FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR)

Abstract

The article highlights the main theoretical approaches and concepts of interpretation of the "peace" category, conducting a comparative analysis and revealing characteristic differences. In today’s world, the importance of developing a new concept of peace in order to ensure long-term and stable coexistence of states is emphasized. The author highlights complexity in the vision of approaches to peace and in solving problems related to its development as one of the main factors of modern peacebuilding. The need for a comprehensive study of the conflicting parties’ needs and interests, taking into account the specificity and uniqueness of their conflict interaction, was also emphasized. Special emphasis is placed on the fundamental importance of the superiority of the "bottom-up" approach and the development of civil society in today’s conditions for the formation of a culture of peace and the personal responsibility of each citizen. Using the Russian-Ukrainian war as an example, the author conducted a study of the positions of the world’s countries regarding events in Ukraine from 2014 to 2022. The major shifts in world opinion regarding Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the international community’s actions in restraining the aggressor country have been identified. On the basis of this, the commitment of states to the liberal-idealist or realistic theory of peace is determined. The article also examines the differentiation of views on the Russian-Ukrainian war within the Visegrad Group. Particular attention in the article is devoted to the outline of the main principles of international law concerning friendly relations between states and their cooperation in accordance with the UN Charter. Emphasis is placed on modern problems related to the violation and loose interpretation of the principles of peaceful coexistence of states, which generally nullifies their content.