A Comprehensive Study of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods for Sentiment Analysis on Kurdish Sorani Text

Abstract

The Kurdish language, which is spoken by 40 million people worldwide, still has some of the fewest digital resources, making it challenging to comprehend natural language and process information digitally. Central Sorani Kurdish is one of its dialects t hat has drawn the most attention recently because of the rise in social media usage and the need for automated sentiment analysis. With a focus on data from social media, this research offers a thorough examination of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techni ques used for sentiment analysis of Kurdish Sorani text. The study thoroughly examines current corpora, computational models, and analytical frameworks, emphasizing the vital role that corpus production has in advancing Kurdish Natural Language Processing (NLP). The size, standardization, and annotation quality of the available datasets are still restricted, despite significant attempts to create Kurdish corpora that span the Sorani, Kurmanji, Zazaki, and Gorani dialects. Key methodological trends are identified in the study, such as feature engineering approaches, preprocessing tactics, and model performance across neural and classical ML methods. The results show that the lack of extensive, annotated, and dialectally diverse datasets limits the advancement of Sorani sentiment analysis. The necessity of creating multilingual and multidialectal corpora, encouraging scholarly-linguistic partnerships, and utilizing the Kurdish model from languages with abundant resources are highlighted in future directions. This thorough investigation intends to contribute to the larger endeavor of improving Kurdish language technology and comprehending sentiment analysis in digital communication contexts by acting as a fundamental reference for developing sentiment analysis in Kurdish Sorani text.