Induction and Proliferation of Moringa oleifera Somatic Embryo Callus using Solid Liquid and Temporary Immersion System

Abstract

Moringa oleifera Lam., a promising functional food, can be propagated rapidly through somatic embryogenesis technique. This method has advantages, such as rapid seed generation, absence of a dormant phase, and bipolar cotyledons. The induction of M. oleifera callus involves plant growth regulators, the type of explants, and the media used. In this study, we investigated the effects of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L of BAP and picloram on inducing embryonic callus in M. oleifera plants. Additionally, we examined the impact of amino acids such as proline, glutamine, and cysteine on the proliferation stage of the embryonic callus. The results showed that 1 mg/L BAP and picloram significantly enhanced callus induction, as indicated by increased callus diameter, weight, and volume. The growth of M. oleifera callus was also influenced by the concentration of amino acids. The optimal proliferation callus was achieved using 200 mg/L of proline in Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium with the Temporary Immersion System (TIS). Furthermore, embryogenic callus was generated using 200 mg/L proline, 50 mg/L glutamine, and 50 and 100 mg/L cysteine. The addition of 200 mg/L proline to DKW yielded the best results in TIS.