Political economy

Abstract

This chapter examines the political economy of human rights, focusing on how economic systems, development agendas, and global governance structures shape the realization of rights. Drawing from historical and contemporary examples, it explores tensions between neoliberal policies and social justice frameworks, emphasizing the ways economic globalization influences states’ abilities and willingness to fulfill rights obligations. It also addresses the rise of corporate power, the instrumentalization of rights in development discourse, and emerging debates around redistribution, sustainability, and human dignity. Special attention is given to marginalized populations who disproportionately bear the costs of economic restructuring and inequality. By analyzing these dynamics, the chapter highlights the need for rights-based economic alternatives that center equity and participation.