Role of microbes in forensic science

Abstract

Human microbiome refers to all microscopic lifeforms such as bacteria, viruses, algae, and fungi inhabiting the human body. Forensic microbiology involves the identification of microorganisms based on post-mortem interval and their distribution in different parts of the body which helps in individual identification, cause of death determination, geolocation determination of where the corpse was possibly found and body fluid identification. Microbial forensics is used to study the transmission of microbes and diseases caused by microbes in sexual assault cases, bio crimes or any other forms of criminal cases. Advancements in molecular biology and genetics have led to the development of analytical instruments and techniques that help in better analysis of microbial samples and its metabolites. Thanato-microbiology refers to the study of microflora residing on body surfaces which is also an evolving field of study in forensic microbiology which mainly helps in distinguishing one individual from another based on the unique microflora inhabiting their body.