BIOMIMICRYAS A DESIGN APPROACH FOR ADAPTATION

Abstract

Biomimicry, where flora, fauna or entire ecosystems are emulated as a basis for design, is a growing area of research in the fields of architecture and engineering. This is due to both the fact that it is an inspirational source of possible new innovation and because of the potential it offers as a way to create a more sustainable and even regenerative built environment. Nature provides a large database of adaptation strategies that can be implemented in design in general, and in the design of building envelopes in particular. The widespread and practical application of biomimicry as a design method remains however largely unrealized. Through literature review, and an examination of existing biomimetic technologies, this paper elaborates on distinct approaches to biomimetic design that have evolved. Biomimicry origins, levels and adaptation principles are discussed.It is hypothesized that applying biomimetics to architectural designs that incorporates an understanding of organisms' ecosystems' adaptive mechanisms could become a tool for creating a built environment that goes beyond simply sustaining current conditions to a restorative practice where the built environment becomes an adaptable and a vital component in the integration with and regeneration of natural ecosystems. ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻨﮭﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎدﯾﺴﻲ‬ ‫رﯾﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺣﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻼء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺪوح‬ ‫أﻣﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻏﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮي‬ ‫واﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺎدﯾﻤﯿﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺤﻀﺮي‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪرﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﯾﺘ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻣﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺪ‬ ، ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﯾﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫واﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ً ً ‫واﻟﻌﻤﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ‬. ‫اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﯿﺎت‬ ‫وﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺑﺘﻜﺎرات‬ ‫ﻣﻠﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﯾﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺳﯿﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻓﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫وﻣﺠﺪدة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﯿﺔ‬. ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ھﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ، ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬھﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬. ‫ﻛﺒﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺳﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺰال‬ ‫وﻻ‬. ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿﺰة‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻨﺎول‬ ، ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﺤﺺ‬ ، ‫اﻷدﺑﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮرت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬. ‫اﻟﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫وﻣﺒﺎدئ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ‬ ‫أﺻﻮل‬ ‫وﺗﻨﺎﻗﺶ‬. ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫آﻟﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﮭﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮض‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﯾﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﯿﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮوف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ‬ ‫أداة‬ ‫ﯾﺼﺒﺢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﯾﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫وﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫وﺣﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾوﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫ا‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺻﻣﯾم‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾوي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗوﺣﻰ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺗﻛﯾف‬ ، ‫اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﻣﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾوﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧظم‬ ٠ ‫ھﻧدﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻛﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾوﯾﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻹﯾﻛوﻟوﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧظم‬ ٠