Advances in hydrogenation catalysis by porous materials supported palladium nanoparticles

Abstract

This review summarizes the past-decade advances in porous materials supported palladium (Pd) nanocatalysts for hydrogenation. Building on the intrinsic 4d10 character of Pd, we establish a “support-metal-microenvironment” triadic synergy framework that elucidates how oxides, carbons, zeolites, metal–organic frameworks/ covalent organic frameworks (MOFs/COFs) and bimetallic modulate activity/selectivity at the atomic scale through electronic engineering, geometric confinement and acid–metal proximity. A three-tier “electronic tuning–interfacial sacrifice–coupled reaction” anti-poisoning strategy is proposed, enabling thermal-atomization regeneration, in-situ water–gas-shift removal of CO, potential-window scavenging of Cl− and micropore anti-sintering. Future perspectives include high-throughput density functional theory (DFT)-plus-machine-learning screening, self-healing intelligent supports and micro-channel continuous-flow processes that will propel green and precise hydrogenation in fine chemicals and hydrogen storage, offering a transferable paradigm for rational catalyst design.