Intervillous Thrombus Is Independently Associated With Placental Infarct and Single Umbilical Artery as well as Fetal Inflammatory Response: Implication of Fetal Vascular Flow in Pathogenesis

Abstract

Background: Intervillous thrombi (IVT) is one of the most common pathology findings during placental examination. The etiology and clinical significance of IVT are controversial. Materials and Methods: We previously collected placental data with fetal birth data and maternal pregnancy characteristics, and we examined IVT in the context of maternal, fetal, and placental pathology. Results: A total of 3119 placentas with fetal birth and maternal pregnancy characteristics were examined, and IVT was found in 644 placentas (20.6%). IVT was statistically associated with advanced maternal age (P = .01) and clinical preeclampsia (P = .02). IVT was significantly associated with placental infarcts (P < .01), mural arterial hypertrophy (P = .02) as well as placental abruption (P < .01). In addition, IVT was significantly associated with velamentous cord insertion (P